ENTES CKR-93T Manual

ENTES niet gecategoriseerd CKR-93T

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Side 1/4

Operation Principles

The current information fed through main current transformers is

transferred to the electronic circuits by the built in current transformers.

The delayed tripping-current I> adjustment (Set current) is done by

means of the current adjustment circuit connected to the seconder side

of these built in current transformers. By using the dip switches on

the front panel, independent current adjustments can be done for the

phases and neutral separately. By means of the warning LEDs of each

input, one can detect which phase/neutral includes the fault. In addition,

The fault information is stored by a memory function even if the input

power to the relay is OFF. The AC voltage related with the faulty current

at the current circuit is converted to a DC signal and transferred to the

microprocessor. This measured value is then compared with the set

current value. If measured value exceeds the setting value, the NORMAL

led will turn off immediately and when the measured value will reach the

1.05 times of the set value the PICK-UP led will turn on and time

counting process, starts. If the current falls below 0.95 of the set value,

the tripping process is resetted, the led: PICK-UP turns off and the

led:NORMAL turns on. When the time counter reaches to a value

determined by the related current-time characteristics, the LED associated

with faulty input turns on. If a higher overcurrent is detected from another

input during this tripping time, associated with current-time characteristics,

the time related with this overcurrent I>> and the remaining tripping

time are compared and the relay is energized at the end of the smaller

interval. If the faulty current is greater than the instantaneous set current,

the relay is de-energized without delay for the completion of the tripping

time (if dip-switch: INSTANTANEOUS is ON). When this dip-switch is

OFF, instantaneous relay tripping is not performed. At the phase faults,

only phase relay is turned OFF while both the phase and neutral relays

are turned OFF in the case of earth faults. The test button on the front

panel is to test the functioning of the relay. When this button is pressed,

the relay behaves as if all inputs experience an overcurrent. The RESET

button is used to erase the recent fault information from the memory.

*In CKR 81T and CKR 91T type earth fault relays,Test function96 96

is operational by pressing test button only if test enable switch is on

(test on).

Adjustments

1. The Selection of Set-Current

The set currents I> for each phase and neutral can be adjusted from

1A to 16.75 A (for neutral: 0.2A - 3.35A) by means of dip-switches. The

dip switches I> include six stages and turned ON by pushing them

right. The set-current for all phases is 1A and that for neutral is 0.2A

when all switches are in OFF position. The set-current is calculated by

adding a value (1 for phases, 0.2 for neutral) to the values written on

the right of the switches. The set-current when all switches are ON:

For Phases:

Iset = 1 + 0.25 + 0.5 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 16.75 A.

For example, to adjust Iset=6.5 A, the switches:2,3,5 are to be turned ON

Iset = 1 + 0.5 + 1 + 4 = 6.5 A

For neutral;

Iset = 0.2 + 0.05 + 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.4 + 0.8 +1.6 = 3.35 A

For example, to adjust Iset=1.3 A, the switches: 2,3,5 are to be turned ON.

Iset = 0.2 + 0.1 +0.2 +0.8 = 1.3 A

2- Selection of Instantaneous Current

With, I>> dip switch, this current can be adjusted within 2-17 times set

current. I>> switch includes 4 stages. Instantaneous overcurrent

change-over ratio is twice the set current when all switches are OFF.

In other words, instantaneous change-over is not performed until the

operating current reaches twice the set current. The instantaneous

change-over current (when all switches are ON) is given by:

I>> = 2 + 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 17

For example, to adjust the instantaneous current as 13 times the set

current the switches: 1,2,4 are to be turned ON, i.e.,

I>> = 2 + 1 + 2 + 8 = 13 .

3- Selection of Time Factor

Time factor can be adjusted, by dip-switch, from 0.05 to 10 with steps

of 0.1. Time factor is 0.05 when all switches are OFF. When any of

the swiches are turned ON (unlike I> and I>> switches) 0.05 (first value)

is not added to the sum.

The time factor when all switches are ON can be found from:

Xt = 0.1 + 0.2 + 0.3 + 0.4 = 1.0

For example, to adjust the time factor to 0.6, the switches 2 and 4 are

to be turned ON, i.e., and if the independent time 1 (2.5sec.) is selected

Xt = 0.2 + 0.4 = 0.6 from then 2.5x0.6=1.5sec.

4- Mode Selection

Mode dip switch includes 4 stages and the first one controls the

instantaneous tripping ON or OFF. With the other three switches, 8

different current-time characteristics can be selected. The current-time

characteristics corresponding to dip-switch positions are given on the

following table.

General

New generation, microprocessor based CKR series overcurrent relays

combine both inverse time and independent time relays in one unit.

These relays are used for the purpose of protecting the equipments such as

transformers, motors, generators, and power lines in energy distribution

systems against short circuits and grounding faults.

The most important point to achieve the uppermost protection is to apply

selective protection. The main purpose of selective protection is locating

and disconnecting the faulty circuit from the network as soon as possible but

leaving the rest of the network active.

During selective protection, the whole energy system including the future

expansions must be taken into consideration. Realization of this selective

protection necessitates the coordination of the protection relays included in

the distribution line; which in turn entails the conditions stated below as

regards to inverse-time overcurrent relays. The accurate protection by the

inverse-time overcurrent relays can be accomplished provided that the

following conditions are met:

1) Relays having the same operation characteristics should be used in series

with each other.

2) Tripping intervals of the relays used within the system must be adjusted

in the form of current/time steps. Current dependent tripping-time adjustment

of the relays should be done in such a way that the current/time steps

should be reduced as getting away from the source. Thus, the relay at the

end of the line (R4 in the following figure) should have the shortest tripping

time. This situation can be best observed from the schematics and time-

current characteristics below:

Another important point is that the time adjustment of the relay closest to the

source must be done very accurately. The time delay should be as long as

possible to provide selectivity and as short as possible to protect the power

supply on time.

Types

1. CKR- 9XX series overcurrent protection relays include four different inverse-

time and four different independent time characteristics. According to IEC-255,

BS-142 these are:

a- Normal Inverse

b- Very Inverse

c- Extremely Inverse

d- Long Time Inverse

e- Independent Time 1 (2.5 s)

f- Independent Time 2 (5 s)

g- Independent Time 3 (10 s)

h- Independent Time 4 (15 s)

The instantaneous tripping current, the time multiplication factor, and current-time

characteristics adjustment both for the phases and neutral can be selected

separately.

2. CKR- 8XX series overcurrent protection relays include five different inverse-

time and three different independent time characteristics. According to IEC-255,

BS-142 and ANSI C.112, these are:

a- Normal Inverse

b- Very Inverse

c- Extremely Inverse

d- Long Time Inverse

e- Moderately Inverse

f- Independent Time 1 (2.5 s)

g- Independent Time 2 (5 s)

h- Independent Time 3 (15 s)

The instantaneous tripping current, the time multiplication factor, and current-time

characteristics adjustment both for the phases and neutral are common

1.CKR-91 - CKR 81: Single-phase overcurrent relay with no earth.

This overcurrent relay protects only single-phase. If three-phase protection is

required, three relays should be used. See connection diagram A.

2.CKR-91T - CKR 81T: Earth fault overcurrent relay. This relay measures

the current flowing from the star point to earth. If the line is balanced this current

is zero while the balance is destroyed when one of the phases is connected to

earth. See connection diagram B1 and B2.

Note: See connection diagram B3 for CKR 91T -CKR81T96 96

3.CKR-92T - CKR 82T: T hase and earth fault overcurrent relay. This

overcurrent relay is used to combine the two-phase protection and earth-fault

protection in one device. See connection diagram C.

4. :CKR-93 - CKR 83 Three-phase overcurrent relay. This overcurrent relay

is used to protect the phases with only one relay.

See connection diagram D.

5. CKR-93T - CKR 83T: Three-phase and earth fault overcurrent relay. This

overcurrent relay is used to combine the three-phase protection and earth-fault

protection in one device. See connection diagram E.

Current-Time Characteristics

IA / I

t (s)

1 10 20

I1 (t)-R1

(t)-R2

(t)-R3

I4 (t)-R4

I1 = (t) I2 = (t) I3 = (t) I4 = (t)

R1R2R3R4

I4 (t) < I3 (t) < I

2 (t) < I

1 (t) Energy flow

direction

Power

source

601090305/01

 ISO 9001 Q.M.S. Certificate

NEW GENERATION OVERCURRENT PROTECTION DEVICES

CKR SERIES

Produkt Specifikationer

Mærke:	ENTES
Kategori:	niet gecategoriseerd
Model:	CKR-93T

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